Ingabe ama-PC wezimboni angathatha isikhundla se-PLCs?
2025-11-11
Mayelana nemisebenzi yokulawula, amakhompyutha ngokuvamile angakwenza konke okungenza konke ama-PLCs, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amakhompyutha angakwenza kangcono kakhulu. Ama-PC wezimboni angabeka esikhundleni ngokwengxenye ye-PLCs Kwezimo ezithile zokulawulwa kwezimboni, kepha kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ngokuya ngokuma okusebenzayo, ukwethenjwa, kanye nokukhethwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwizidingo ezithile.
Umehluko wokuma okusebenzayo: Ama-PLC aklanywe ngokuqondile ngokulawulwa kwezimboni. Imisebenzi yabo eyisisekelo yi-Logic control (njengohlelo lomdwebo we-ladder), impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, kanye namakhono okulwa nokulwa. Zilungele ukuphathwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokulawula njengokushintshana kwamanani, ama-timers, kanye nezinto zokubala.
Ukuthembeka nokuguquguquka kwemvelo
Ama-PLC asebenzisa ukwakheka kwebanga lezezimboni (njengokusebenza okungenamsoco, uhla lokushisa olubanzi, uthuli kanye nokumelana kwamanzi), ukuvumela ukumelana kwamanzi), ukunika amandla ukusebenza okuqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla ze-electromagnetic nokudlidliza, isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-20,000.
Izindleko nokulungiswa
Ama-PLC anezindleko eziphansi, kulula ukuwagcina, futhi ube nejika lokufunda eliphansi lokuhlelwa kwezitebhisi zeLadder, ukuzenza zilungele amaphrojekthi aphakathi nendawo aphakathi nendawo.
Ama-PC wezimboni abiza kakhulu futhi adinga ukulungiswa kobungcweti, abenze balungele izimo ezidinga ukubala okuyinkimbinkimbi noma ukusebenzisana kwabantu.
Isicelo
I-PLC: Isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuthembela, njengokulawulwa komugqa wokukhiqiza, ukuxhumeka kwemishini, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha.
I-PC yezimboni: Kusetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-computising yokusebenza ephezulu, njengokutholwa kwedatha, ukuhlolwa okubukwayo, nokulawulwa okusatshalaliswa; kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-PLC.
Izitayela zobuchwepheshe: Amanye ama-PC afinyelela ezimboni aphezulu (njengezinhlelo ezenzelwe ezenziwa ezimboni) asetshenzisiwe ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ezinjengokukhiqiza izimoto kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimoto kanye nokucushwa okungafunekiyo futhi kudingeka ukucushwa okungafuneki ukuze uthuthukise ukuthembeka.
I-PC ye-B5300 eshumekiwe ye-anfless yezimboni isebenzisa i-Intel-Power Intel® Celeron Atom Core processors, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Isebenza nge-24 7, igcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngisho nasezindaweni ezizinzile, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zemishini ehlukahlukene yezentengiso, ezenzakalelayo kanye neyesingafundiswanga. Kwezimo ezithile, ingangena esikhundleni ngokuphelele imishini yokulawula izimboni esekwe kwi-PLC.
Ama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs ngamunye anezinzuzo zawo ezihlukile nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizoshintshashintshayo. Ngokuzayo, bangakhombisa umkhuba wokuhlangana, kepha amathuba okubuyisela okunye ngokuphelele kuncane.
Selokhu kwethulwa kuso ezenzakalweni zezempi zezempi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, ama-PC wezimboni abelokhu angena emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi athole uhlelo lokusebenza olubanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvuleleka kwama-PC, i-Hardware yawo eningi, isoftware, kanye nabasebenzi, ukwesekwa kwabo kusuka ebangeni elibanzi lobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe, kanye nokujwayela izilaleli zazo. Izinga lesicelo se-PC-based (kufaka phakathi ama-PC ashumekiwe) Izinhlelo zokulawula izimboni zikhule ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi abakhulu abasebenza kahle be-Logic (PLC) Abakhiqizi bohlelo lokulawula izimboni baphinde bamukele indlela yezobuchwepheshe be-PC yezimboni, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izimboni basezimboni obunye bobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.
Izindleko eziphansi zama-PC wezimboni zingenye into ebalulekile efaka isandla emandleni abo njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-automation zezimboni. Kuzinhlelo ze-automation zendabuko, ezenzakalelayo eziyisisekelo zikhungathekiswa kakhulu ama-PLCs nama-DCS, kuyilapho inqubo nokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo ikakhulukazi kwakhiwa amakhompyutha ahlukahlukene aphezulu noma ama-minicompters. Izindleko eziphakeme ze-Hardware, Software, nesoftware yokufaka isicelo zivimbela izinkampani eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwezigaba eziphakathi nendawo zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni eziphansi zezimboni kuyindlela ekhethwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba abalawuli abasebenza nge-PC-based PC bafakazele ukuthi bathembekile njengama-PLCs, bamukelwa kalula ngabasebenza kanye nabasebenzi bezokugcina, futhi bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuxilonga okuthuthukile, bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuxilonga okuthuthukile. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baqala ukwenza izixazululo zokulawula ama-PC ezimboni ezingxenyeni zezinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi umncintiswano phakathi kwama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs agxile kakhulu kwizicelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, lapho idatha iyinkimbinkimbi futhi imishini yokuhlanganiswa iphakeme. Uma ubheka izitayela zokuthuthuka, ikusasa lezinhlelo zokulawula cishe lizolala phakathi kwama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs, futhi izimpawu zalolu hlangana zivele zivele. Ngesikhathi eside esizayo, ubuchwepheshe be-Fieldbus, abalawuli abahlekisayo (ama-PLCs), nama-PC wezimboni azohambisana futhi akhuthazane, kepha izinzuzo zama-PC wezimboni zizothuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ubukhulu bawo buzokwanda kuzo zonke izindawo zokulawulwa kwezimboni.
Amasistimu Ahlanganisiwe Wokulawula Nokulawula
Ngokungena kokujula kobuchwepheshe be-Intanethi emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwezimboni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula nokuphatha sekungenakugwenywa. Lokhu kwenza kube nezinhloso ezifunwayo zokuphatha okuhlangene nokulawula, imininingwane yebhizinisi lezimboni, kanye nokuzenzakalela okususelwa kwinethiwekhi embonini yezezimboni ezenzakalelayo. Ukuphathwa nokulawulwa okuhlanganisiwe kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhethe izixazululo ezinhle kakhulu ezihambisana nenkathi entsha yezomnotho, ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe. Therefore, a new direction in the development of industrial control technology is to realize open, distributed intelligent systems through Ethernet and Web technologies, providing modular, distributed, and reusable industrial control solutions based on Ethernet and TCP IP protocol standards. Isici saso esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Network-based Network Indiistrial Control and Management Software.
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokulawula oluhlanganisiwe kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi, isici sokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokulawula insimu, okubandakanya amamodeli amathathu wokuhlanganisa. Owokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ama-fieldbus kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula idatha (DCS), lapho ama-FCs asebenzisa isilinganiso esiyisisekelo kanye nokulawula ukuphathwa okuphezulu kanye nomxhumanisi wokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokulawula kanye nokwenza kahle. Okwesibili ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ze-FieldBus, ama-FCS), ama-DCS, nama-PLCs, lapho, ezimweni ezinzima zokuxhumana nokulawula, futhi i-DCS isebenza njengomsebenzi ophakeme wokulawula kanye nokwenza imisebenzi. Okwesithathu ukuhlanganiswa kwama-FCS amaningi, ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuguqula phakathi kwezinqubo zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugxila ekusetshenzisweni kwamadivayisi ahlukene we-fieldbus kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa okuhlangene, ukuqapha kanye nesoftware ukufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo ngaphandle kokuzidela noma okuthinta ukusebenza nohlelo ngalunye oluzimele. Okwesibili, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kokuphatha kanye namanethiwekhi okulawula. Ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi elizayo, inani elikhulu ledatha lizovela kunethiwekhi yokulawula. Izinhlelo zesoftware yokwakha amabhizinisi, kufaka phakathi imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela, imininingwane yomlando, ukushicilelwa kwedatha, ukuqunjelwa kwedatha, ukucubungula amamodeli, ukucubungula amaphutha, kudinga ukunqunywa kwe-web application, kudinga ukusungula okuhlukahlukene kwenethiwekhi kwi-Intanethi Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwezinqumo ezihlakaniphile kwisoftware yokulawula kanye nedatha ebalulekile kwisoftware yokuphatha.
Ngokuya ngokuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obufana nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana kwamathuluzi, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokushintshana kwedatha, i-Ethernet, kanye ne-Ethernet ye-Ethernet. Ubuchwepheshe be-General Diaction Technolog bufaka ubuchwepheshe be-DDE Desnamic Exchange Technology, i-Netdde Network Dynamic Exchange Technology, i-ODBC Open Database Interconconcy Technology, COM I-Ethernet + TCP ECech Technology inika amandla okudlulisela okuqondile nokwabelana ngamapharamitha okulawula kanye nesimo sezindawo zenethiwekhi enkampanini yolwazi lwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Plcs, i-DCSS, kanye ne-FCSS ngenxa yokuba khona kwezivumelwano eziningi.
Umehluko wokuma okusebenzayo: Ama-PLC aklanywe ngokuqondile ngokulawulwa kwezimboni. Imisebenzi yabo eyisisekelo yi-Logic control (njengohlelo lomdwebo we-ladder), impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, kanye namakhono okulwa nokulwa. Zilungele ukuphathwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo yokulawula njengokushintshana kwamanani, ama-timers, kanye nezinto zokubala.
Ukuthembeka nokuguquguquka kwemvelo
Ama-PLC asebenzisa ukwakheka kwebanga lezezimboni (njengokusebenza okungenamsoco, uhla lokushisa olubanzi, uthuli kanye nokumelana kwamanzi), ukuvumela ukumelana kwamanzi), ukunika amandla ukusebenza okuqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla ze-electromagnetic nokudlidliza, isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-20,000.
Izindleko nokulungiswa
Ama-PLC anezindleko eziphansi, kulula ukuwagcina, futhi ube nejika lokufunda eliphansi lokuhlelwa kwezitebhisi zeLadder, ukuzenza zilungele amaphrojekthi aphakathi nendawo aphakathi nendawo.
Ama-PC wezimboni abiza kakhulu futhi adinga ukulungiswa kobungcweti, abenze balungele izimo ezidinga ukubala okuyinkimbinkimbi noma ukusebenzisana kwabantu.
Isicelo
I-PLC: Isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuthembela, njengokulawulwa komugqa wokukhiqiza, ukuxhumeka kwemishini, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha.
I-PC yezimboni: Kusetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-computising yokusebenza ephezulu, njengokutholwa kwedatha, ukuhlolwa okubukwayo, nokulawulwa okusatshalaliswa; kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-PLC.
Izitayela zobuchwepheshe: Amanye ama-PC afinyelela ezimboni aphezulu (njengezinhlelo ezenzelwe ezenziwa ezimboni) asetshenzisiwe ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ezinjengokukhiqiza izimoto kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezimoto kanye nokucushwa okungafunekiyo futhi kudingeka ukucushwa okungafuneki ukuze uthuthukise ukuthembeka.
I-PC ye-B5300 eshumekiwe ye-anfless yezimboni isebenzisa i-Intel-Power Intel® Celeron Atom Core processors, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Isebenza nge-24 7, igcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngisho nasezindaweni ezizinzile, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zemishini ehlukahlukene yezentengiso, ezenzakalelayo kanye neyesingafundiswanga. Kwezimo ezithile, ingangena esikhundleni ngokuphelele imishini yokulawula izimboni esekwe kwi-PLC.
Ama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs ngamunye anezinzuzo zawo ezihlukile nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizoshintshashintshayo. Ngokuzayo, bangakhombisa umkhuba wokuhlangana, kepha amathuba okubuyisela okunye ngokuphelele kuncane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PC yezimboni
Selokhu kwethulwa kuso ezenzakalweni zezempi zezempi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990, ama-PC wezimboni abelokhu angena emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi athole uhlelo lokusebenza olubanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvuleleka kwama-PC, i-Hardware yawo eningi, isoftware, kanye nabasebenzi, ukwesekwa kwabo kusuka ebangeni elibanzi lobunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe, kanye nokujwayela izilaleli zazo. Izinga lesicelo se-PC-based (kufaka phakathi ama-PC ashumekiwe) Izinhlelo zokulawula izimboni zikhule ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi abakhulu abasebenza kahle be-Logic (PLC) Abakhiqizi bohlelo lokulawula izimboni baphinde bamukele indlela yezobuchwepheshe be-PC yezimboni, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izimboni basezimboni obunye bobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.
Izindleko eziphansi zama-PC wezimboni zingenye into ebalulekile efaka isandla emandleni abo njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-automation zezimboni. Kuzinhlelo ze-automation zendabuko, ezenzakalelayo eziyisisekelo zikhungathekiswa kakhulu ama-PLCs nama-DCS, kuyilapho inqubo nokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo ikakhulukazi kwakhiwa amakhompyutha ahlukahlukene aphezulu noma ama-minicompters. Izindleko eziphakeme ze-Hardware, Software, nesoftware yokufaka isicelo zivimbela izinkampani eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwezigaba eziphakathi nendawo zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni eziphansi zezimboni kuyindlela ekhethwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba abalawuli abasebenza nge-PC-based PC bafakazele ukuthi bathembekile njengama-PLCs, bamukelwa kalula ngabasebenza kanye nabasebenzi bezokugcina, futhi bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuxilonga okuthuthukile, bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi yokuxilonga okuthuthukile. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baqala ukwenza izixazululo zokulawula ama-PC ezimboni ezingxenyeni zezinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi umncintiswano phakathi kwama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs agxile kakhulu kwizicelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, lapho idatha iyinkimbinkimbi futhi imishini yokuhlanganiswa iphakeme. Uma ubheka izitayela zokuthuthuka, ikusasa lezinhlelo zokulawula cishe lizolala phakathi kwama-PC wezimboni nama-PLCs, futhi izimpawu zalolu hlangana zivele zivele. Ngesikhathi eside esizayo, ubuchwepheshe be-Fieldbus, abalawuli abahlekisayo (ama-PLCs), nama-PC wezimboni azohambisana futhi akhuthazane, kepha izinzuzo zama-PC wezimboni zizothuthuka ngokushesha, futhi ubukhulu bawo buzokwanda kuzo zonke izindawo zokulawulwa kwezimboni.
Amasistimu Ahlanganisiwe Wokulawula Nokulawula
Ngokungena kokujula kobuchwepheshe be-Intanethi emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwezimboni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula nokuphatha sekungenakugwenywa. Lokhu kwenza kube nezinhloso ezifunwayo zokuphatha okuhlangene nokulawula, imininingwane yebhizinisi lezimboni, kanye nokuzenzakalela okususelwa kwinethiwekhi embonini yezezimboni ezenzakalelayo. Ukuphathwa nokulawulwa okuhlanganisiwe kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhethe izixazululo ezinhle kakhulu ezihambisana nenkathi entsha yezomnotho, ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe. Therefore, a new direction in the development of industrial control technology is to realize open, distributed intelligent systems through Ethernet and Web technologies, providing modular, distributed, and reusable industrial control solutions based on Ethernet and TCP IP protocol standards. Isici saso esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Network-based Network Indiistrial Control and Management Software.
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokulawula oluhlanganisiwe kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi, isici sokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo eziningi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokulawula insimu, okubandakanya amamodeli amathathu wokuhlanganisa. Owokuqala ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ama-fieldbus kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula idatha (DCS), lapho ama-FCs asebenzisa isilinganiso esiyisisekelo kanye nokulawula ukuphathwa okuphezulu kanye nomxhumanisi wokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokulawula kanye nokwenza kahle. Okwesibili ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula ze-FieldBus, ama-FCS), ama-DCS, nama-PLCs, lapho, ezimweni ezinzima zokuxhumana nokulawula, futhi i-DCS isebenza njengomsebenzi ophakeme wokulawula kanye nokwenza imisebenzi. Okwesithathu ukuhlanganiswa kwama-FCS amaningi, ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuguqula phakathi kwezinqubo zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukugxila ekusetshenzisweni kwamadivayisi ahlukene we-fieldbus kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokulungiswa okuhlangene, ukuqapha kanye nesoftware ukufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo ngaphandle kokuzidela noma okuthinta ukusebenza nohlelo ngalunye oluzimele. Okwesibili, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa kokuphatha kanye namanethiwekhi okulawula. Ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi elizayo, inani elikhulu ledatha lizovela kunethiwekhi yokulawula. Izinhlelo zesoftware yokwakha amabhizinisi, kufaka phakathi imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela, imininingwane yomlando, ukushicilelwa kwedatha, ukuqunjelwa kwedatha, ukucubungula amamodeli, ukucubungula amaphutha, kudinga ukunqunywa kwe-web application, kudinga ukusungula okuhlukahlukene kwenethiwekhi kwi-Intanethi Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwezinqumo ezihlakaniphile kwisoftware yokulawula kanye nedatha ebalulekile kwisoftware yokuphatha.
Ngokuya ngokuhlanganiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obufana nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisana kwamathuluzi, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokushintshana kwedatha, i-Ethernet, kanye ne-Ethernet ye-Ethernet. Ubuchwepheshe be-General Diaction Technolog bufaka ubuchwepheshe be-DDE Desnamic Exchange Technology, i-Netdde Network Dynamic Exchange Technology, i-ODBC Open Database Interconconcy Technology, COM I-Ethernet + TCP ECech Technology inika amandla okudlulisela okuqondile nokwabelana ngamapharamitha okulawula kanye nesimo sezindawo zenethiwekhi enkampanini yolwazi lwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Plcs, i-DCSS, kanye ne-FCSS ngenxa yokuba khona kwezivumelwano eziningi.
-Nconyisile
