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Yini i-IPC futhi isebenza kanjani?    

2025-04-27
Ekusebenzeni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha, ukusebenzisana okusebenzayo phakathi kwezinhlelo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene kubalulekile. Isibonelo, endaweni yokuthenga online, izinqubo zokubonisa imininingwane yomkhiqizo esibonakalayo somsebenzisi, ukucubungula ama-oda ngemuva, nokuxhumana nohlelo lokukhokha konke kudingeka lusebenze ngokubambisana. Lezi zinqubo zixhumana kanjani ngempumelelo? Impendulo ilele ekuxhumaneni kwe-Interprocess (IPC).

Kuyini Ukuxhumana Kwezinqumo (I-IPC)?


I-IPC yindlela nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa yizinhlelo ezisebenza ekhompyutheni ukuxhumana nomunye nokwabelana ngemininingwane. Kalula nje, kufana "nohlelo lweposi" ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha evumela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene noma izinhlelo zokushintshana ngemininingwane, zisebenzise imisebenzi yazo, futhi zisebenzisane ukufeza imisebenzi ethile.

Ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha okuqala, izinhlelo zagijima ngokuzimela, futhi izidingo nezindlela zokuxhumana kwenqubo yokuxhumana zazilula. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinemininingwane eminingi kanye nezinhlelo eziningi ezinemibala, i-IPC iye yaba ubuchwepheshe obuhle ukusekela ukusebenza okusebenzayo kohlelo.

KunganiI-IPCkubalulekile kwikhompyutha?


Ngaphandle kwe-IPC, izinhlelo zingaba njengeziqhingi zolwazi, zigijima ekuhlukanisweni, futhi imisebenzi yazo ibingalinganiselwe kakhulu. I-IPC yephula lokhu kwehlukaniswa futhi inika amandla ukwabiwa kwedatha, ukuvumelanisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zokwakha amasistimu anamandla futhi axhumene nalo.

Ukuthatha isiphequluli njengesibonelo, injini enikezayo inesibopho sokuphambana nokubonisa okuqukethwe kwewebhu, ngenkathi injini yeJavaScript ibhekana nokuxhumana okunengqondo ekhasini le-Web. Nge-IPC, izinjini ezimbili zingasebenza ngokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela enamandla yekhasi le-web kanye nokuboniswa kokuqukethwe kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze abasebenzisi ngesipiliyoni esibukezana esisheshayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-IPC ithuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kohlelo, igweme ukuchitha izinsiza ngokuxhumanisa izinqubo eziningi, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphendula kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo.

KanjaniI-IPCsebenza?


I-IPC isekela ukushintshaniswa kwemininingwane phakathi kwezinqubo ngochungechunge lwezindlela zokuxhumana nezinqubomgomo. Izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-IPC zifaka imemori eyabiwe, ukudlula komlayezo, amapayipi, amasosi, nezingcingo zenqubo ekude (RPC).

Imemori eyabiwe


Imemori eyabiwe ivumela izinqubo eziningi ukufinyelela endaweni efanayo yememori, futhi izinqubo zingafunda futhi zibhale idatha ngqo kule nkumbulo. Le ndlela yokudluliswa kwedatha ishesha kakhulu ngoba igwema ukukopisha idatha phakathi kwezikhala zememori ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, futhi kunengozi yokuthi lapho izinqubo eziningi zifinyelela futhi ziguqula idatha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuntuleka kwendlela yokuvumelanisa esebenzayo kungadala kalula ukudideka kwedatha namaphutha. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukudingekile ukuyihlanganisa nendlela yokukhiya noma ukusayina ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nobuqotho bedatha.

Ukuthulisa


Imilayezo yindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinqubo ngokuthumela nokwamukela imiyalezo embi. Ngokuya ngemodi yemiyalezo, kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ku-Synchronous and Asynchronous. Imiyalezo evumelanayo idinga umthumeli ukuthi alinde impendulo evela ku-Receiver ngemuva kokuthumela umyalezo, ngenkathi imiyalezo ye-asynchronous ivumela umthumeli ukuthi athumele eminye imisebenzi ngaphandle kokulinda impendulo. Le ndlela ilungele izimo lapho imininingwane ethile idinga ukudluliswa phakathi kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngezidingo ezihlukile zesikhathi sangempela.

Amapayinjana


Ipayipi liyisiteshi sendlela yokuxhumana yendlela eyodwa noma ezimbili ezingasetshenziswa ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwezinqubo ezimbili. Amapayipi ajwayele ukusetshenziswa emibhalweni ye-Shell, ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenzisa umphumela womyalo owodwa njengokufaka komunye. Amapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ukunika amandla ukudluliswa kwedatha okulula nokubambisana phakathi kwezinqubo.

Izisulu


Izisekelo zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuxhumana kwenqubo endaweni yenethiwekhi. Ngama-sockets, izinqubo ezitholakala kumakhompyutha ahlukene angaxhuma komunye nomunye futhi ashintshe idatha. Esikhathini sokwakhiwa kwamakhasimende okujwayelekile, iklayenti lithumela izicelo kwiseva ngokusebenzisa amasosi, futhi iseva ibuyisa izimpendulo ngokusebenzisa amasosi, ukuqaphela ukusebenzisana kwedatha nokuhlinzekwa kwedatha.

Ucingo olukude (i-RPC)


I-RPC ivumela inqubo ukubiza inqubo kwesinye isikhala sekheli (imvamisa ekhompyutheni ehlukile) kube sengathi kuyinqubo yendawo yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi nezingcingo ezikude, yenza lula ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezisatshalaliswa.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-I-PC yezimboninekhompyutha ye-desktop yezentengiselwano


Ngenkathi womabili amakhompyutha wezimboni (ama-IPCs) nama-desktops athengiswayo aqukethe i-CPUS, inkumbulo, kanye nesitoreji njengengxenye yezakhi zawo zangaphakathi, kunomehluko obalulekile ekuklameni kwabo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.

Uthuli kanye Nokwenziwa Kwezinhlayiyana


I-IPC yenzelwe izindawo ezinothuli njenge-automation efektri kanye nezimayini. Idizayini yayo eyingqayizivele evikelekile isusa ama-vents apholile, ngempumelelo ukuvikela uthuli kanye nezinye izinhlayiya ukuthi zingangeni kwikhompyutha, igweme ukwehluleka kwehadiwe ngenxa yokuqongelela uthuli, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinzima.

Isici sefomu elikhethekile


Ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukunyakaza, kanye nokugxuma kwamandla ezindaweni zezimboni, izinto zangaphakathi ze-IPC zenziwa ngezinto zokwenziwa ze-alloy ezingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ingaphandle lenziwa ngokujwayelekile nge-aluminium chassis egobile engavikeli kuphela izinto zangaphakathi, kodwa futhi isebenza njengendawo yokushisa ukusiza ukuqeda ukushisa kwizakhi ezibucayi ezifana ne-CPU, inkumbulo, kanye nesitoreji.

Ukubekezelelana Kwezinga lokushisa


Izicelo eziningi zezimboni zidinga amakhompyutha angasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-IPC isebenzisa umklamo wesistimu ye-fanless esebenzisa ukushisa okushisayo kanye namapayipi okushisa ukuze alondoloze ububanzi bokushisa obubanzi bokushisa. Lo mklamo ugwema inkinga yokuhluleka kwabalandeli ngenxa yothuli futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-IPC ingasebenza emakhazeni noma ekushiseni okwedlulele.

Inani


Amakhompyutha wezimboni ajwayele ukusebenzisa izingxenye zezimboni ezihlolwe kakhulu futhi aqinisekise ukugcina ukusebenza kwezinzimba ezindaweni ezinokhahlo zezimboni. Yonke ingxenye, ukusuka ku-PCB Motherboard kuma-capacitors, kukhethwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhompyutha yezimboni yenzelwe ukufeza izimfuno zokuhanjiswa kwefekthli enkulu.

IP ikalwe


Ama-IPC awenzi kuphela omisiwe, kepha futhi abe namandla angangenzi manzi. Ezimbonini ezinjengokukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, imishini ye-automation kanye namakhompyutha awo ahambisana nalokhu kudinga ukuhlanzwa ngamazinga aphansi okuvikelwa kwe-IP futhi kusetshenziswe izixhumi ezikhethekile ze-M12 ukuvikela ukulimala kwamanzi.

Yini amanye amacala ajwayelekile wokusebenzisaI-IPC?


I-IPC isetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo. Amanye amacala ajwayelekile wokusebenzisa afaka:

Inqubo yokuxhumana


Kumodeli yabathengi abakhiqizi, inqubo eyodwa ibhekele ukukhiqizwa kwemininingwane, kanti enye inqubo ibhekene nokusetshenziswa kwedatha. Kwimodeli yabathengi abakhiqizi, inqubo eyodwa ibhekele ukukhiqiza idatha kanti enye ibhekele ukuyiqeda. Nge-IPC, izinqubo ezimbili zingavumelanisa nezenzo zazo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ijubane lokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa liyefana, ligwema ukubuyela emuva kwemininingwane noma ukulinda ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuxhumana nezinqubo zangaphandle


Esikhathini sokwakhiwa kwamakhasimende-iseva, uhlelo lweklayenti luxhumana neseva nge-IPC ukucela izinsizakalo noma idatha yokushintshana. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokusebenza lwemephu kwizicelo zeselula zicela idatha yemephu nemininingwane yokuhambisa kusuka kuseva yemephu nge-IPC ukuze usebenzise ukuma nemisebenzi yokuhambisa.

I-computing parallel


Ku-processor ye-multi-core noma uhlelo olusatshalaliswa khona, izinqubo eziningi noma imicu egijima ngokufana ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana nokwabelana ngedatha nge-IPC ukuze zisebenzise kahle izinzuzo zekhompyutha ezihambisanayo futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza.

Ukuvumelanisa kwenqubo yokuxhumana


Amanani esibonakaliso, okhiye bokukhishwa kwesimo, kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo kunqubo ye-IPC kungasetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa ukufinyelela kwezinqubo eziningi kwizinsiza ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, lapho izinqubo eziningi zifinyelela ku-database ngasikhathi sinye, izikhiye ze-Mutex ziqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo eyodwa kuphela engabhalela imininingwane ngesikhathi, ukuvimbela izingxabano zedatha nokungahambisani nemininingwane.

Izinzuzo zeI-IPC


I-IPC inika amandla ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kanye nokwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza phakathi kwezinqubo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zesoftware; Ngokuxhumanisa ukusebenza kwezinqubo eziningi, kukhulisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza zohlelo futhi kufinyelele ukusebenza okungcono ngokuphelele; Futhi kuyisisekelo sezinhlelo ezisatshalaliswa ukwakha, ukusekela ukusebenzisana kwezinsiza kuwo wonke amakhompyutha kanye namanethiwekhi; Ngasikhathi sinye, i-IPC ihlinzeka ngamathuba okusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zokuvumelanisa futhi ngasikhathi sinye, i-IPC ibuye inikeze amathuba okuthola ukuvumelanisa okuhlukahlukene nokuxhumana, futhi kubeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kokwakhiwa kwesoftware okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukugcina


I-IPC, njengobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuxhumana kwenqubo yezinhlelo zekhompyutha, idlala indima engenakufinyeleleka ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yesoftware, ukulungiselela ukusebenza kohlelo, kanye nokusekela okusatshalaliswa kwekhompyutha. Ngomklamo wayo oyingqayizivele, amakhompyutha wezimboni asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-IPC ezindaweni ezinokhahlo zezimboni ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezezimboni nezinye izinkambu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, i-IPC izoqhubeka nokuvela futhi inikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlakaniphile zekhompyutha ngokuzayo. Kwabathandi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabaqeqeshiwe, ukuqonda okujulile kwemigomo nokusetshenziswa kwe-IPC kuzosiza ekuqapheleni imisebenzi esebenza kahle futhi enamandla ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo.
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