Nigute wahitamo mudasobwa yinganda?
2025-11-25
Mudasobwa yinganda zigenda ziyongera mubinganda. Ntabwo ari imikoreshereze gusa; Nibikorwa byo kugura amakuru no kugenzura ikigo cyose umusaruro wose - mubyukuri ni ngombwa kandi nyamukuru.
Ariko ikibazo kivuka: Nigute wahitamo mudasobwa iboneye? Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi? Cyane cyane ko ibi bikoresho bikora mubidukikije bikaze, umukungugu, no kunyeganyega, ibisabwa kugirango hazengurwa kandi wizewe ni hejuru cyane. Ntabwo arikintu gishobora kugenwa nukureba gusa ibipimo bike.
Guhitamo mudasobwa yinganda ningirakamaro kubikorwa bihamye: CPU imikorere no gukora neza, kubara neza kugirango bihuze interineti.
I. Ibipimo bya tekiniki:Imbere yimikorere na mudasobwa ziharanira inyungu zikeneye gukora mubidukikije bikaze nko kunyeganyega, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, numukungugu mugihe kinini; Kubwibyo, gushikama ibyuma biratangaje.
Igishushanyo kitoroshye kandi kiramba: Ibishushanyo mbonera byahisemo kwirinda igihe cyo gutaha kubera kunanirwa kwa fan. Chassis igomba gukorwa muri aluminium kandi ihura n'umukungugu wa IP65 n'amahame yo kurwanya amazi kugira ngo yihanganishe umukungugu, amavuta, n'ubushuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi: Ibigize bigomba gushyigikira ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, -20 ℃ kugeza 70 ℃) kugirango habeho intangiriro yimanza zihamye cyangwa ibikorwa bikonje cyane cyangwa amahugurwa ashyushye.
Gutunganya igihe nyacyo no kwaguka: kuko ibintu bisaba kugenzura ibintu bidasubirwaho, sisitemu y'imikorere nyayo (RTTO) irakenewe. Byongeye kandi, imikoreshereze myinshi yimikorere ni ngombwa, nka bisi yashoboye, rs485 / 232, hamwe nibyambu byinshi, kugirango byoronde byinshi byurusobe
II. Guhuza neza inganda no gusaba
Gukora (PLC // SCADA kwishyira hamwe): gushimangira imikorere ya byinshi-core
Inganda zingufu (Imbaraga z'umuyaga / PhotoVoltaic): Yibanda kuri electromagnetic kwivanga (EMI) ubudahangarwa nibikorwa byizewe bya kure.
Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Ugomba gutsinda impamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga nka en50155 kugirango habeho ibikorwa byizewe bikomeje kunyeganyega no guhungabana.
Ibikoresho bigizwe no guhitamo:
PC yashyizwe mu nganda: Compact na nto, birakwiriye kwinjizamo ibikoresho-bivuye ku kirere nka robo n'ibikoresho byubuvuzi. B5300 iragizwe neza kandi ibereye kubidukikije bitandukanye.
Akanama k'inganda PCs: Kwinjiza kwerekana no gukoraho, byiza ku murongo watanga umusaruro-imashini ikora amashini (HMIs). PIST urukurikirane rwa P8000 PCs irasabwa kubikorwa byabo bihamye.
Rack-PC ijyanye na PC yinganda zifatanije: zibereye koherezwa hagati muri seriveri ya seriveri, ikoreshwa nka seriveri yo kugura amakuru, nibindi.
III. Inganda n'impamyabumenyi
Kubahiriza ni ngombwa kugirango uhitemo mudasobwa yinganda.
Amahame Mpuzamahanga n'amateka: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ibyemezo byibanze byumutekano nka CE, FCC, na CCC. Munganda zihariye, kubahiriza amahame yabigize umwuga nka IEC 61131-3 (abagenzuzi ba logique) na ISO 13849 (umutekano w'imashini).
Impapuro ziteganijwe ingamba ziteganijwe: Mu nzego ziteganijwe no gutwara abantu no kwitwara neza, ibyemezo nka Iris (gari ya moshi) na FDA) nibisabwa mu rwego rwo kwinjira kandi bigomba kwemezwa mugihe cyo gutoranya.
IV. Porogaramu
Guhitamo mudasobwa ikwiye inganda biterwa na porogaramu ikeneye gukora. Kurugero, mudasobwa zinganda zikoreshwa nkibikorwa na hmis (Imigaragarire yabantu) mubidukikije, harimo no gukora ibihingwa byo gutunganya inganda, ibihingwa bitunganya ibiryo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, hamwe nibindi bidukikije.
Ibisabwa byinshi, ibisabwa na software, nimbaraga nini zo kubara zikenewe kugirango ibikorwa byakozwe neza kandi byizewe.
Kubera iterambere ryihuse niterambere ryibintu bya interineti (iot), kubara kunganda byinganda bigenda byiyongera. Aha niho mudasobwa zinganda ziza, nkuko porogaramu zimwe zisaba gutunganya amakuru no gusesengura kumurongo. Kuberako amakuru adakeneye gushyizwa intera ndende, mudasobwa ya Edge irashobora gukora gutunganya amakuru, gusesengura amakuru, no gufata ibyemezo mugihe nyacyo, gushyigikira porogaramu nyinshi zisaba gutunganya no gusesengura.
V. Ihuza: Guharanira kwishyira hamwe kwa sisitemu
Nyuma yo kumenya imbaraga zo kubara, guhuza ibidukikije, no gusaba ibisabwa, guhuza bihinduka ikintu gikomeye cyo kwishyira hamwe. Ihuza ryubufatanye nibyingenzi mubufatanye bukora hagati ya mudasobwa yinganda hamwe na sensor zitandukanye, ibikoresho byurusobe, nibikoresho bya peripheli. Amahitamo asanzwe arimo Bluetooth, Wi-Fi 6, 4G / 5G imiyoboro ya selile, hamwe nibibanza bya 10GBE. Byongeye kandi, Modular I / o Kwaguka kwaguka byagenda kongeza sisitemu yoroheje, ishyigikira imisatsi myinshi irimo M12 / ibyambu bya Erialnet, ibyambu bya Erial, Usb, hamwe na Dio.
Vi. Sisitemu ikora: Fondasiyo ya software kubikorwa bya sisitemu ihamye
Nkikigo cya software nubufatanye bukomeye, guhuza no gutuza kwa sisitemu y'imikorere akenshi bidakenewe. Kugirango tumenye neza imikorere ihamye nyuma yo kubyara, turasaba cyane gukora sisitemu-urwego rwo kwipimisha no kugenzura mugihe cyo gutoranya. Twiyemeje gukorana cyane nabakiriya bacu kugirango sisitemu yo gukora ingirakamaro neza iboneza ryamashanyarazi na software yubucuruzi, kugera kubintu byiza cyane.
Vii. Iboneza ryamashanyarazi:Kumenyera Imbaraga Zinyuranye Mudasobwa zinganda zirimo zoherejwe mubice bifite imbaraga ziterambere cyangwa ahantu kure, bigatuma imbaraga zabo zo guhuza imbaraga cyane. Model nyinshi zishyigikira ibisanzwe-voltage DC yinjiza, nibicuruzwa bimwe biragaragaramo uburyo bwibinyabiziga (12v DC) Guhindura imikorere, kwemerera imbaraga zidafite imbaraga zituruka kuri mobile cyangwa imikorere yimikorere.
VIII. Ndende yubuzima nubushobozi: kwemeza imikorere ihoraho
Mu nganda Porogaramu, imikorere mira yizewe yizewe ni ngombwa. Kugira ngo wirinde guhagarika ingwate kubera guhagarika ibice byingenzi, abatanga isoko bakora igihe kirekire (mubisanzwe imyaka 5 kugeza 10) bagomba gushyirwa imbere mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya. Igishushanyo cya modular nacyo kizamura cyane kubungabunga ibikoresho. Kurugero, gukoresha amashusho asimbuye vuba, batteri, kubika module, hamwe nimikorere yitanze bifasha gusa gusana mugihe cyo gutsindwa, kugabanya ibiciro byo hasi no kuzura ubuzima. Byuzuye Nyuma-kugurisha Ibikoresho Gufasha hamwe nitsinda rya serivisi ishinzwe tekinike nibyingenzi kurinda kubikorwa bidahamye mubuzima bwubuzima bwose.
IX. Utanga imbaraga na serivisi: Ingwate yumwuga iyemerera umushinga
Imbaraga zabatangaga muri rusange hamwe nubuziranenge bwa serivisi bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye imikorere yumushinga nubunararibonye bwigihe kirekire. Mugihe cyo gutoranya, birasabwa kwibanda ku bunararibonye bwabo mu nganda, ubushakashatsi bwibanze mu nganda zabo, izina ryabakiriya, no guhaza abakiriya, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo kugurisha no gutegura igisubizo. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki numwuga nyuma yo kugurisha (nka 24 / 7 Ikibazo cyo gusubiza hamwe na serivisi kurubuga) bigomba kandi kuba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma.
Ibitekerezo bya FAT: Gushimangira igiciro cya nyirubwite (TCO)
Muguhitamo mudasobwa yinganda, "igiciro gito" gusa "gusa, kandi kandi isuzuma ryuzuye ryibiciro byose bya nyirubwite bigomba gukorwa. Usibye ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura, ibiciro byihishe byihishe hamwe ninyungu ndende bigomba gusuzumwa:
Igihombo cyamanutse: Guhagarika umusaruro no gutinda biterwa nibikoresho bishobora kuvamo igihombo kirenze kure agaciro k'ibikoresho ubwabyo.
Ibiciro byo kubungabunga: harimo amafaranga yo gusana, gutanga amasoko yakarere, nibiciro byakazi.
Ibiciro byo gusimbuza: Amafaranga yo kwiyubaka ya sisitemu kubera ibikoresho bitaragera cyangwa ubwato bwikoranabuhanga.
Gukora neza ninyungu z'umutekano: Ibikoresho bikwiye birashobora guteza imbere imikorere yimikorere, kugabanya amakosa, no kuzamura umutekano, bityo bigatuma agaciro k'igihe kirekire.
Ariko ikibazo kivuka: Nigute wahitamo mudasobwa iboneye? Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ingenzi? Cyane cyane ko ibi bikoresho bikora mubidukikije bikaze, umukungugu, no kunyeganyega, ibisabwa kugirango hazengurwa kandi wizewe ni hejuru cyane. Ntabwo arikintu gishobora kugenwa nukureba gusa ibipimo bike.
Guhitamo mudasobwa yinganda ningirakamaro kubikorwa bihamye: CPU imikorere no gukora neza, kubara neza kugirango bihuze interineti.
I. Ibipimo bya tekiniki:Imbere yimikorere na mudasobwa ziharanira inyungu zikeneye gukora mubidukikije bikaze nko kunyeganyega, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, numukungugu mugihe kinini; Kubwibyo, gushikama ibyuma biratangaje.
Igishushanyo kitoroshye kandi kiramba: Ibishushanyo mbonera byahisemo kwirinda igihe cyo gutaha kubera kunanirwa kwa fan. Chassis igomba gukorwa muri aluminium kandi ihura n'umukungugu wa IP65 n'amahame yo kurwanya amazi kugira ngo yihanganishe umukungugu, amavuta, n'ubushuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi: Ibigize bigomba gushyigikira ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, -20 ℃ kugeza 70 ℃) kugirango habeho intangiriro yimanza zihamye cyangwa ibikorwa bikonje cyane cyangwa amahugurwa ashyushye.
Gutunganya igihe nyacyo no kwaguka: kuko ibintu bisaba kugenzura ibintu bidasubirwaho, sisitemu y'imikorere nyayo (RTTO) irakenewe. Byongeye kandi, imikoreshereze myinshi yimikorere ni ngombwa, nka bisi yashoboye, rs485 / 232, hamwe nibyambu byinshi, kugirango byoronde byinshi byurusobe
II. Guhuza neza inganda no gusaba
Gukora (PLC // SCADA kwishyira hamwe): gushimangira imikorere ya byinshi-core
Inganda zingufu (Imbaraga z'umuyaga / PhotoVoltaic): Yibanda kuri electromagnetic kwivanga (EMI) ubudahangarwa nibikorwa byizewe bya kure.
Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Ugomba gutsinda impamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga nka en50155 kugirango habeho ibikorwa byizewe bikomeje kunyeganyega no guhungabana.
Ibikoresho bigizwe no guhitamo:
PC yashyizwe mu nganda: Compact na nto, birakwiriye kwinjizamo ibikoresho-bivuye ku kirere nka robo n'ibikoresho byubuvuzi. B5300 iragizwe neza kandi ibereye kubidukikije bitandukanye.
Akanama k'inganda PCs: Kwinjiza kwerekana no gukoraho, byiza ku murongo watanga umusaruro-imashini ikora amashini (HMIs). PIST urukurikirane rwa P8000 PCs irasabwa kubikorwa byabo bihamye.
Rack-PC ijyanye na PC yinganda zifatanije: zibereye koherezwa hagati muri seriveri ya seriveri, ikoreshwa nka seriveri yo kugura amakuru, nibindi.
III. Inganda n'impamyabumenyi
Kubahiriza ni ngombwa kugirango uhitemo mudasobwa yinganda.
Amahame Mpuzamahanga n'amateka: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa bifite ibyemezo byibanze byumutekano nka CE, FCC, na CCC. Munganda zihariye, kubahiriza amahame yabigize umwuga nka IEC 61131-3 (abagenzuzi ba logique) na ISO 13849 (umutekano w'imashini).
Impapuro ziteganijwe ingamba ziteganijwe: Mu nzego ziteganijwe no gutwara abantu no kwitwara neza, ibyemezo nka Iris (gari ya moshi) na FDA) nibisabwa mu rwego rwo kwinjira kandi bigomba kwemezwa mugihe cyo gutoranya.
IV. Porogaramu
Guhitamo mudasobwa ikwiye inganda biterwa na porogaramu ikeneye gukora. Kurugero, mudasobwa zinganda zikoreshwa nkibikorwa na hmis (Imigaragarire yabantu) mubidukikije, harimo no gukora ibihingwa byo gutunganya inganda, ibihingwa bitunganya ibiryo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, hamwe nibindi bidukikije.
Ibisabwa byinshi, ibisabwa na software, nimbaraga nini zo kubara zikenewe kugirango ibikorwa byakozwe neza kandi byizewe.
Kubera iterambere ryihuse niterambere ryibintu bya interineti (iot), kubara kunganda byinganda bigenda byiyongera. Aha niho mudasobwa zinganda ziza, nkuko porogaramu zimwe zisaba gutunganya amakuru no gusesengura kumurongo. Kuberako amakuru adakeneye gushyizwa intera ndende, mudasobwa ya Edge irashobora gukora gutunganya amakuru, gusesengura amakuru, no gufata ibyemezo mugihe nyacyo, gushyigikira porogaramu nyinshi zisaba gutunganya no gusesengura.
V. Ihuza: Guharanira kwishyira hamwe kwa sisitemu
Nyuma yo kumenya imbaraga zo kubara, guhuza ibidukikije, no gusaba ibisabwa, guhuza bihinduka ikintu gikomeye cyo kwishyira hamwe. Ihuza ryubufatanye nibyingenzi mubufatanye bukora hagati ya mudasobwa yinganda hamwe na sensor zitandukanye, ibikoresho byurusobe, nibikoresho bya peripheli. Amahitamo asanzwe arimo Bluetooth, Wi-Fi 6, 4G / 5G imiyoboro ya selile, hamwe nibibanza bya 10GBE. Byongeye kandi, Modular I / o Kwaguka kwaguka byagenda kongeza sisitemu yoroheje, ishyigikira imisatsi myinshi irimo M12 / ibyambu bya Erialnet, ibyambu bya Erial, Usb, hamwe na Dio.
Vi. Sisitemu ikora: Fondasiyo ya software kubikorwa bya sisitemu ihamye
Nkikigo cya software nubufatanye bukomeye, guhuza no gutuza kwa sisitemu y'imikorere akenshi bidakenewe. Kugirango tumenye neza imikorere ihamye nyuma yo kubyara, turasaba cyane gukora sisitemu-urwego rwo kwipimisha no kugenzura mugihe cyo gutoranya. Twiyemeje gukorana cyane nabakiriya bacu kugirango sisitemu yo gukora ingirakamaro neza iboneza ryamashanyarazi na software yubucuruzi, kugera kubintu byiza cyane.
Vii. Iboneza ryamashanyarazi:Kumenyera Imbaraga Zinyuranye Mudasobwa zinganda zirimo zoherejwe mubice bifite imbaraga ziterambere cyangwa ahantu kure, bigatuma imbaraga zabo zo guhuza imbaraga cyane. Model nyinshi zishyigikira ibisanzwe-voltage DC yinjiza, nibicuruzwa bimwe biragaragaramo uburyo bwibinyabiziga (12v DC) Guhindura imikorere, kwemerera imbaraga zidafite imbaraga zituruka kuri mobile cyangwa imikorere yimikorere.
VIII. Ndende yubuzima nubushobozi: kwemeza imikorere ihoraho
Mu nganda Porogaramu, imikorere mira yizewe yizewe ni ngombwa. Kugira ngo wirinde guhagarika ingwate kubera guhagarika ibice byingenzi, abatanga isoko bakora igihe kirekire (mubisanzwe imyaka 5 kugeza 10) bagomba gushyirwa imbere mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya mugihe cyo gutoranya. Igishushanyo cya modular nacyo kizamura cyane kubungabunga ibikoresho. Kurugero, gukoresha amashusho asimbuye vuba, batteri, kubika module, hamwe nimikorere yitanze bifasha gusa gusana mugihe cyo gutsindwa, kugabanya ibiciro byo hasi no kuzura ubuzima. Byuzuye Nyuma-kugurisha Ibikoresho Gufasha hamwe nitsinda rya serivisi ishinzwe tekinike nibyingenzi kurinda kubikorwa bidahamye mubuzima bwubuzima bwose.
IX. Utanga imbaraga na serivisi: Ingwate yumwuga iyemerera umushinga
Imbaraga zabatangaga muri rusange hamwe nubuziranenge bwa serivisi bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye imikorere yumushinga nubunararibonye bwigihe kirekire. Mugihe cyo gutoranya, birasabwa kwibanda ku bunararibonye bwabo mu nganda, ubushakashatsi bwibanze mu nganda zabo, izina ryabakiriya, no guhaza abakiriya, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo kugurisha no gutegura igisubizo. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki numwuga nyuma yo kugurisha (nka 24 / 7 Ikibazo cyo gusubiza hamwe na serivisi kurubuga) bigomba kandi kuba ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma.
Ibitekerezo bya FAT: Gushimangira igiciro cya nyirubwite (TCO)
Muguhitamo mudasobwa yinganda, "igiciro gito" gusa "gusa, kandi kandi isuzuma ryuzuye ryibiciro byose bya nyirubwite bigomba gukorwa. Usibye ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura, ibiciro byihishe byihishe hamwe ninyungu ndende bigomba gusuzumwa:
Igihombo cyamanutse: Guhagarika umusaruro no gutinda biterwa nibikoresho bishobora kuvamo igihombo kirenze kure agaciro k'ibikoresho ubwabyo.
Ibiciro byo kubungabunga: harimo amafaranga yo gusana, gutanga amasoko yakarere, nibiciro byakazi.
Ibiciro byo gusimbuza: Amafaranga yo kwiyubaka ya sisitemu kubera ibikoresho bitaragera cyangwa ubwato bwikoranabuhanga.
Gukora neza ninyungu z'umutekano: Ibikoresho bikwiye birashobora guteza imbere imikorere yimikorere, kugabanya amakosa, no kuzamura umutekano, bityo bigatuma agaciro k'igihe kirekire.
Basabwe
