IPC ni iki kandi ikora ite?
2025-04-27
Mubikorwa bigoye bya sisitemu ya mudasobwa, ubufatanye bukora muri gahunda zitandukanye kandi inzira ni ngombwa. Kurugero, kurubuga rwo kugura kumurongo, inzira yo kwerekana amakuru yibicuruzwa mumikoreshereze yumukoresha, ibicuruzwa bitunganya inyuma, kandi bisaba na sisitemu yo kwishyura byose bigomba gukorera hamwe. Nigute iyi nzira ivugana neza? Igisubizo kiri mu itumanaho ry'ibidukikije (IPC).
IPC nicyo mikorere nikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe na gahunda zikorera kuri mudasobwa kugirango tuvugane hamwe na mugenzi wawe kandi dusangire amakuru. Muri make, ni nka "sisitemu yiposita" muri mudasobwa itanga inzira zitandukanye cyangwa gusabana kugirango uhanagure amakuru, guhuza ibikorwa byabo, kandi ukorere hamwe kugirango ugere imirimo yihariye.
Muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa ya mudasobwa, gahunda zinjiraga mu bwigenge, kandi ibikenewe nuburyo bwo gutumanaho hagati byari byoroshye. Hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo kuryoherwa na sisitemu y'ingeri nyinshi, IPC yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi kugirango dushyigikire imikorere ikora neza.
Hatari IPC, gahunda zaba zimeze nkibirwa byamakuru, ikora mu bwigunge, kandi imirimo yabo yaba make cyane. IPC isenya uku kwigunga kandi ituma kugabana amakuru, guhuza no guhuza ibikorwa hagati ya gahunda zitandukanye kugirango wubake sisitemu ya software ikomeye kandi ihujwe na sisitemu ya software.
Gufata mushakisha nkurugero, moteri ihindura ishinzwe gusenya no kwerekana ibiri kurubuga, mugihe moteri ya javascript itwara imikoranire yurubuga. Binyuze muri IPC, moteri zombi zirashobora gufatanya kugirango urebe ko ingaruka zingirakamaro zurubuga no kwerekana ibirimo byuzuye, bityo utanga abakoresha uburambe bwo gushakisha neza. Muri icyo gihe, IPC itezimbere imikorere rusange ya sisitemu, irinda guta imyanda muguhuza inzira nyinshi, kandi utezimbere sisitemu no gukora neza.
IPC ishyigikira guhana amakuru hagati yimikorere binyuze muburyo bwo gutumanaho na protocole. Uburyo rusange bwa IPC burimo kwibuka gusa, ubutumwa butambukiranya, imiyoboro, socit, hamwe no guhamagara kure (RPC).
Kwibuka bisangiwe byemerera inzira nyinshi kugirango ugere ahantu hamwe wo kwibuka, kandi inzira zirashobora gusoma no kwandika amakuru muri uku kwibuka. Ubu buryo bwo kwimura amakuru bwihuse cyane kuko bwirinda gukoporora amakuru hagati yibibanza bitandukanye. Ariko, ifite kandi ibyago mugihe gahunda nyinshi zo kubona kandi zihindura amakuru icyarimwe, kubura uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza amakuru bushobora gutuma byoroshye kwitiranya amakuru namakosa. Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe ni ngombwa kubihuza nuburyo bwo gufunga cyangwa kwerekana kwerekana ko ubudahariko nubunyangamugayo bwamakuru.
Ubutumwa nuburyo bwo gutumanaho hagati yibikorwa byo kohereza no kwakira ubutumwa bubi. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuba ubutumwa, burashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe. Ubutumwa bwo guhuza busaba uwagutumye gutegereza igisubizo cyakira nyuma yo kohereza ubutumwa kugirango wohereze ubutumwa hanyuma ukomeze gukora ibindi bikorwa udategereje igisubizo. Ubu buryo bubereye ibintu aho amakuru yihariye agomba kunyuzwa hagati yibikorwa bitandukanye, ariko nibisabwa bitandukanye.
Umuyoboro ninzira imwe cyangwa inzira ebyiri zitumanaho zishobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo amakuru hagati yimikorere ibiri. Imiyoboro ikunze gukoreshwa mumashuri ya shell, kurugero, kugirango ukoreshe ibisohoka byitegeko rimwe nkigitekerezo cyindi. Imiyoboro nayo ikunze gukoreshwa muri porogaramu kugirango ishoboze kwimura amakuru nubufatanye hagati yimikorere.
Amasoko akoreshwa cyane cyane mugutumanaho mumiyoboro. Binyuze kuri socket, inzira ziherereye kuri mudasobwa zitandukanye zishobora guhuza amakuru no guhana amakuru. Mubikorwa bisanzwe byabakiriya-seriveri, umukiriya yohereza ibyifuzo kuri seriveri ukoresheje socket, hanyuma seriveri isubiza ibisubizo binyuze mumasanduku, kumenya imikoranire hamwe na serivisi.
RPC itanga inzira yo guhamagara inzira muyindi mwanya wa aderesi (mubisanzwe kuri mudasobwa itandukanye) nkaho ari uburyo bwo guharanira inyungu za leta no guhamagarwa kwa kure, bituma abateza imbere ibikorwa bya leta bitanga, bituma bandika ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, bituma bandika neza imirimo ikwirakwizwa nkaho banditseho uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza sisitemu yatanzwe.
Mugihe mudasobwa zombi zinganda (IPCs) nubucuruzi burimo cpus, kwibuka, no kubika nkigice cyibikorwa byimbere, hari itandukaniro ryingenzi mubishushanyo mbonera byabo.
IPC yagenewe ibidukikije nko gufatanya uruganda no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Igishushanyo cyacyo kidasanzwe cyarakuyeho ipfundo, kubuza neza umukungugu nibindi bice byinjira muri mudasobwa, wirinde kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho kubera kwivuzaga kubera kwirundara mu mukungugu, no kugenzura ibikorwa bihamye mubidukikije bikaze.
Kubera ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kunyeganyega, kunyeganyega kw'imbaraga mu nganda, ibice by'imbere bya IPC bikozwe mu bikoresho byaciwemo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kunyeganyega. Inyuma isanzwe ikozwe na AlUminum ya rugarimo, ariko kandi ikora nkubushyuhe bwo kugufasha gutandukanya ubushyuhe muri CPU, kwibuka, nububiko.
Porogaramu nyinshi zinganda zisaba mudasobwa zishobora gukora muburyo bukabije. IPC ikoresha uburyo bwa sisitemu yuburyo bukoresha ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo gukomera kugirango ubure ubushyuhe bugari. Iki gishushanyo cyirinda ikibazo cyo kunanirwa k'umufana kubera umukungugu no kwemeza ko IPC ishobora gukora muburyo bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe.
Mudasobwa yinganda mubisanzwe zikoresha ibice byinganda zipiganwa zipiganwa kandi zemewe kugirango ukomeze imikorere ihamye mububiko bwinganda bukaze. Ibice byose, uhereye kuri pcb yo mubushobozi, byatoranijwe neza kugirango harebwe ko mudasobwa yanyuma yinganda igenewe guhuza ibisabwa byinshi.
IPC ntabwo ari ingwata gusa, ahubwo ifite ubushobozi butagira amazi. Mu nganda nko gukora ibiryo no gutunganya imiti, ibikoresho byo kwikora hamwe na mudasobwa ziherekeza akenshi zigomba gusukurwa nindege zishyushye zo kurinda IP kandi zikoreshwa cyane muri ibidukikije kandi zikoresha ihuza ryihariye M12 kugirango wirinde kwangirika kw'amazi.
IPC ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwibintu. Imanza zimwe zisanzwe zirimo:
Muri Model-Produmer-Umuguzi, inzira imwe ishinzwe gukora amakuru, nibindi bikorwa biryozwa no gukoresha amakuru. Mu cyitegererezo cyumuguzi, inzira imwe ifite inshingano zo gutanga amakuru nundi nyirabayazana wo kuyirya. Hamwe na IPC, inzira ebyiri zirashobora guhuza ibikorwa byabo kugirango habeho umuvuduko wo gutanga umusaruro no kunywa ari kimwe, wirinde ibiranze amakuru cyangwa gutegereza kubikoresha.
Mubikorwa byabakiriya-seriveri, porogaramu y'abakiriya ivugana na seriveri binyuze muri IPC gusaba serivisi cyangwa guhana amakuru. Kurugero, gusaba ikarita kuri terefone ngendanwa bisaba amakuru yamakuru hamwe namakuru yo kuyobora kuva kuri seriveri ya Seriveri binyuze muri IPC gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa no kugenda.
Mubikorwa byinshi-byibanze cyangwa sisitemu yo kubara, inzira nyinshi cyangwa insanganyamatsiko zikora zisa na iPC kugirango zikoreshe neza ibyiza byo kubara no kunoza imikorere no gukora neza.
Umubare w'ikimenyetso, usloguals oblusiti, kandi impinduka zifatika muri sisitemu ya IPC zirashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza uburyo bwinshi bwo kubona ibikoresho bisangiwe. Kurugero, mugihe ibintu byinshi bikurikirana bigera kuri data base icyarimwe, Gufunga Mutex byerekana ko inzira imwe yonyine ishobora kwandika kuri base ya base icyarimwe, irinde amakimbirane yamakuru kandi adahuye.
IPC ituma gusangira itumanaho no gukoresha umutungo neza muburyo bukurikirana, butezimbere cyane imikorere no guhinduka kuri sisitemu ya software; Muguhuza imikorere yimikorere myinshi, bituma itangwa rya sisitemu kandi rigera kumikorere myiza muri rusange; Ni ishingiro ryo kubaka sisitemu ikwirakwijwe, gushyigikira gufatanya umutungo kuri mudasobwa n'imiyoboro; Igihe kimwe, IPC itanga amahirwe yo gushyira mu bikorwa imibonano itandukanye kandi icyarimwe, icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi ashyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaka ubwubatsi bugoye bwa software.
IPC, nkikoranabuhanga ryibanze ryitumanaho muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa, rifite uruhare rudasubirwaho mugutanga ibicuruzwa bya software, uburyo bwo kwemeza gahunda, no gushyigikira mudasobwa. Hamwe nigishushanyo cyayo cyihariye, mudasobwa yinganda zikoresha tekinoroji ya IPC mubidukikije byakaze inganda kugirango habeho imikorere yinganda nizindi nzego. Hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, IPC izakomeza guhinduka no gutanga inkunga ikomeye kuri sisitemu zigoye kandi zubwenge mugihe kizaza. Kubanga ishyaka ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nabanyamwuga, gusobanukirwa byimbitse amahame na porogaramu ya IPC bizafasha kumenya neza imirimo inoze kandi ikomeye muri sofry iterambere rya software na sisitemu.
Itumanaho ridatunganya (Ipc)?
IPC nicyo mikorere nikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe na gahunda zikorera kuri mudasobwa kugirango tuvugane hamwe na mugenzi wawe kandi dusangire amakuru. Muri make, ni nka "sisitemu yiposita" muri mudasobwa itanga inzira zitandukanye cyangwa gusabana kugirango uhanagure amakuru, guhuza ibikorwa byabo, kandi ukorere hamwe kugirango ugere imirimo yihariye.
Muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa ya mudasobwa, gahunda zinjiraga mu bwigenge, kandi ibikenewe nuburyo bwo gutumanaho hagati byari byoroshye. Hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, cyane cyane muri sisitemu yo kuryoherwa na sisitemu y'ingeri nyinshi, IPC yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi kugirango dushyigikire imikorere ikora neza.
KukiIpcingenzi mu kubara?
Hatari IPC, gahunda zaba zimeze nkibirwa byamakuru, ikora mu bwigunge, kandi imirimo yabo yaba make cyane. IPC isenya uku kwigunga kandi ituma kugabana amakuru, guhuza no guhuza ibikorwa hagati ya gahunda zitandukanye kugirango wubake sisitemu ya software ikomeye kandi ihujwe na sisitemu ya software.
Gufata mushakisha nkurugero, moteri ihindura ishinzwe gusenya no kwerekana ibiri kurubuga, mugihe moteri ya javascript itwara imikoranire yurubuga. Binyuze muri IPC, moteri zombi zirashobora gufatanya kugirango urebe ko ingaruka zingirakamaro zurubuga no kwerekana ibirimo byuzuye, bityo utanga abakoresha uburambe bwo gushakisha neza. Muri icyo gihe, IPC itezimbere imikorere rusange ya sisitemu, irinda guta imyanda muguhuza inzira nyinshi, kandi utezimbere sisitemu no gukora neza.
NiguteIpcakazi?
IPC ishyigikira guhana amakuru hagati yimikorere binyuze muburyo bwo gutumanaho na protocole. Uburyo rusange bwa IPC burimo kwibuka gusa, ubutumwa butambukiranya, imiyoboro, socit, hamwe no guhamagara kure (RPC).
Kwibuka bisangiwe
Kwibuka bisangiwe byemerera inzira nyinshi kugirango ugere ahantu hamwe wo kwibuka, kandi inzira zirashobora gusoma no kwandika amakuru muri uku kwibuka. Ubu buryo bwo kwimura amakuru bwihuse cyane kuko bwirinda gukoporora amakuru hagati yibibanza bitandukanye. Ariko, ifite kandi ibyago mugihe gahunda nyinshi zo kubona kandi zihindura amakuru icyarimwe, kubura uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza amakuru bushobora gutuma byoroshye kwitiranya amakuru namakosa. Kubwibyo, mubisanzwe ni ngombwa kubihuza nuburyo bwo gufunga cyangwa kwerekana kwerekana ko ubudahariko nubunyangamugayo bwamakuru.
Ubutumwa
Ubutumwa nuburyo bwo gutumanaho hagati yibikorwa byo kohereza no kwakira ubutumwa bubi. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kuba ubutumwa, burashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe. Ubutumwa bwo guhuza busaba uwagutumye gutegereza igisubizo cyakira nyuma yo kohereza ubutumwa kugirango wohereze ubutumwa hanyuma ukomeze gukora ibindi bikorwa udategereje igisubizo. Ubu buryo bubereye ibintu aho amakuru yihariye agomba kunyuzwa hagati yibikorwa bitandukanye, ariko nibisabwa bitandukanye.
Imiyoboro
Umuyoboro ninzira imwe cyangwa inzira ebyiri zitumanaho zishobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo amakuru hagati yimikorere ibiri. Imiyoboro ikunze gukoreshwa mumashuri ya shell, kurugero, kugirango ukoreshe ibisohoka byitegeko rimwe nkigitekerezo cyindi. Imiyoboro nayo ikunze gukoreshwa muri porogaramu kugirango ishoboze kwimura amakuru nubufatanye hagati yimikorere.
Socket
Amasoko akoreshwa cyane cyane mugutumanaho mumiyoboro. Binyuze kuri socket, inzira ziherereye kuri mudasobwa zitandukanye zishobora guhuza amakuru no guhana amakuru. Mubikorwa bisanzwe byabakiriya-seriveri, umukiriya yohereza ibyifuzo kuri seriveri ukoresheje socket, hanyuma seriveri isubiza ibisubizo binyuze mumasanduku, kumenya imikoranire hamwe na serivisi.
Inzira ya kure irahamagara (RPC)
RPC itanga inzira yo guhamagara inzira muyindi mwanya wa aderesi (mubisanzwe kuri mudasobwa itandukanye) nkaho ari uburyo bwo guharanira inyungu za leta no guhamagarwa kwa kure, bituma abateza imbere ibikorwa bya leta bitanga, bituma bandika ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, bituma bandika neza imirimo ikwirakwizwa nkaho banditseho uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza sisitemu yatanzwe.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya anPCna mudasobwa yubucuruzi
Mugihe mudasobwa zombi zinganda (IPCs) nubucuruzi burimo cpus, kwibuka, no kubika nkigice cyibikorwa byimbere, hari itandukaniro ryingenzi mubishushanyo mbonera byabo.
Umukungugu nigishushanyo mbonera cyo kurwanya
IPC yagenewe ibidukikije nko gufatanya uruganda no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Igishushanyo cyacyo kidasanzwe cyarakuyeho ipfundo, kubuza neza umukungugu nibindi bice byinjira muri mudasobwa, wirinde kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho kubera kwivuzaga kubera kwirundara mu mukungugu, no kugenzura ibikorwa bihamye mubidukikije bikaze.
Imiterere idasanzwe
Kubera ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kunyeganyega, kunyeganyega kw'imbaraga mu nganda, ibice by'imbere bya IPC bikozwe mu bikoresho byaciwemo ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kunyeganyega. Inyuma isanzwe ikozwe na AlUminum ya rugarimo, ariko kandi ikora nkubushyuhe bwo kugufasha gutandukanya ubushyuhe muri CPU, kwibuka, nububiko.
Kwihanganira ubushyuhe
Porogaramu nyinshi zinganda zisaba mudasobwa zishobora gukora muburyo bukabije. IPC ikoresha uburyo bwa sisitemu yuburyo bukoresha ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo gukomera kugirango ubure ubushyuhe bugari. Iki gishushanyo cyirinda ikibazo cyo kunanirwa k'umufana kubera umukungugu no kwemeza ko IPC ishobora gukora muburyo bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe.
Ubuziranenge
Mudasobwa yinganda mubisanzwe zikoresha ibice byinganda zipiganwa zipiganwa kandi zemewe kugirango ukomeze imikorere ihamye mububiko bwinganda bukaze. Ibice byose, uhereye kuri pcb yo mubushobozi, byatoranijwe neza kugirango harebwe ko mudasobwa yanyuma yinganda igenewe guhuza ibisabwa byinshi.
IP
IPC ntabwo ari ingwata gusa, ahubwo ifite ubushobozi butagira amazi. Mu nganda nko gukora ibiryo no gutunganya imiti, ibikoresho byo kwikora hamwe na mudasobwa ziherekeza akenshi zigomba gusukurwa nindege zishyushye zo kurinda IP kandi zikoreshwa cyane muri ibidukikije kandi zikoresha ihuza ryihariye M12 kugirango wirinde kwangirika kw'amazi.
Nibihe bimwe bikunze gukoreshwa kuriIpc?
IPC ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwibintu. Imanza zimwe zisanzwe zirimo:
Guhuza ibintu
Muri Model-Produmer-Umuguzi, inzira imwe ishinzwe gukora amakuru, nibindi bikorwa biryozwa no gukoresha amakuru. Mu cyitegererezo cyumuguzi, inzira imwe ifite inshingano zo gutanga amakuru nundi nyirabayazana wo kuyirya. Hamwe na IPC, inzira ebyiri zirashobora guhuza ibikorwa byabo kugirango habeho umuvuduko wo gutanga umusaruro no kunywa ari kimwe, wirinde ibiranze amakuru cyangwa gutegereza kubikoresha.
Gukorana na gahunda yo hanze
Mubikorwa byabakiriya-seriveri, porogaramu y'abakiriya ivugana na seriveri binyuze muri IPC gusaba serivisi cyangwa guhana amakuru. Kurugero, gusaba ikarita kuri terefone ngendanwa bisaba amakuru yamakuru hamwe namakuru yo kuyobora kuva kuri seriveri ya Seriveri binyuze muri IPC gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa no kugenda.
Kubara
Mubikorwa byinshi-byibanze cyangwa sisitemu yo kubara, inzira nyinshi cyangwa insanganyamatsiko zikora zisa na iPC kugirango zikoreshe neza ibyiza byo kubara no kunoza imikorere no gukora neza.
Guhuza intercronisation
Umubare w'ikimenyetso, usloguals oblusiti, kandi impinduka zifatika muri sisitemu ya IPC zirashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza uburyo bwinshi bwo kubona ibikoresho bisangiwe. Kurugero, mugihe ibintu byinshi bikurikirana bigera kuri data base icyarimwe, Gufunga Mutex byerekana ko inzira imwe yonyine ishobora kwandika kuri base ya base icyarimwe, irinde amakimbirane yamakuru kandi adahuye.
Ibyiza byaIpc
IPC ituma gusangira itumanaho no gukoresha umutungo neza muburyo bukurikirana, butezimbere cyane imikorere no guhinduka kuri sisitemu ya software; Muguhuza imikorere yimikorere myinshi, bituma itangwa rya sisitemu kandi rigera kumikorere myiza muri rusange; Ni ishingiro ryo kubaka sisitemu ikwirakwijwe, gushyigikira gufatanya umutungo kuri mudasobwa n'imiyoboro; Igihe kimwe, IPC itanga amahirwe yo gushyira mu bikorwa imibonano itandukanye kandi icyarimwe, icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi icyarimwe, kandi ashyiraho urufatiro rwo kubaka ubwubatsi bugoye bwa software.
Umwanzuro
IPC, nkikoranabuhanga ryibanze ryitumanaho muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa, rifite uruhare rudasubirwaho mugutanga ibicuruzwa bya software, uburyo bwo kwemeza gahunda, no gushyigikira mudasobwa. Hamwe nigishushanyo cyayo cyihariye, mudasobwa yinganda zikoresha tekinoroji ya IPC mubidukikije byakaze inganda kugirango habeho imikorere yinganda nizindi nzego. Hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, IPC izakomeza guhinduka no gutanga inkunga ikomeye kuri sisitemu zigoye kandi zubwenge mugihe kizaza. Kubanga ishyaka ryikoranabuhanga hamwe nabanyamwuga, gusobanukirwa byimbitse amahame na porogaramu ya IPC bizafasha kumenya neza imirimo inoze kandi ikomeye muri sofry iterambere rya software na sisitemu.
Basabwe
